Evidence for Spouse Visa
Legislative authority
Together:
provide for certain requirements relating to the making of an application to be set out in Schedule 1 of the Regulations.
Requirements for making a valid Class UF application are found in Schedule 1 item 1220A
For information about primary and secondary criteria see:- reg. 2.03 (Criteria applicable to classes of visas).
How an application is made
Please refer to s45, s46 and s51 of the Act,
Under current two-stage partner visa processing arrangements, applicants apply on the one combined application form for both a provisional visa 309 and a permanent visa 100.
Evidence you are in a genuine and continuing relationship
- If you or any applicants are in a de facto relationship, independent evidence that you have been living in a genuine and continuing relationship for at least 12 months.
- If you or any applicants have been divorced please provide certified copies of the divorce document(s).
- If your partner does not intend to migrate with you provide a statement explaining why and if they intend to join you in the future.
- If you or any applicant has been widowed, please provide a certified copy of the death certificate(s)
Partners and fiancés of Australian citizens, Australian permanent residents or eligible New Zealand citizens may apply to enter and/or remain permanently in Australia and include:
- people intending to get married (fiancés)
- married (de jure) partners
- de facto partners (including those in a same-sex relationship).
-If two years after you apply the spousal relationship is ongoing, a permanent visa may be granted.
Assessing spouse relationships
Section 5F of the Act and regulation 1.15A(1A) operate as follows:
- 5F(2)(a) requires the relationship to be a de jure marital relationship recognised under migration law
- 5F(2)(b) requires the relationship to be one of mutual commitment to a shared life as husband and wife to the exclusion of all others
- 5F(2)(c) requires the (marital) relationship to be genuine and continuing (on-going)
- 5F(2)(d) requires the parties not to be living separately and apart on a permanent basis.
Under law (regulation 1.15A(1) and under policy (for regulation 1.15A(3)), decision makers must have regard to regulation 1.15A(2) when assessing s5F(2) requirements and consider all the circumstances of the relationship, particularly (but not limited to) the factors listed in regulation 1.15A(2).
Although s5F(2) requirements are inextricably linked, decision makers must assess each type of legislative requirement separately and take care not to blur the distinction between each requirement.
Evidence that your relationship is genuine
When you apply for a Partner visa, you must provide evidence that supports your claims of a genuine and continuing relationship with your partner.
History of your relationship
You and your partner must each provide a statement regarding the history of your relationship, including:
- How, when and where you first met;
- How your relationship developed;
- When you decided to marry or commence a de facto partner relationship;
- Your domestic arrangements – how you support each other financially, physically and emotionally and when this level of commitment began;
- Any periods of separation – when and why the separation occurred, for how long and how you maintained your relationship during the period of separation; and
- Your future plans.
Please contact us reg: statutory declarations.
Evidence of your relationship
In accordance with regulation 1.15(A)(2), in all cases, decision makers are to consider collectively the four factors specified in regulation 1.15A(3)(a)-(d), that is, the:
- financial aspects; (Factor 1 – regulation 1.15A(3)(a))
- the nature of the household (Factor 2 – regulation 1.15A(3)(b))
- social context of the relationship;(Factor 3 – regulation 1.15A(3)(c))
- the nature of your commitment to each other. (Factor 4 – regulation 1.15A(3)(d))
All relationships are different, so you should provide as much evidence as you can that you believe will support your claims. The lists below are only a guide and are neither all inclusive nor exclusive. You may be asked to provide additional information during processing of your application.
By considering all four factors, it will ensure consistency and fairness across all visa classes, including those that are not in the partner category of visas.
By doing this, decision makers will be able to satisfy the s5F(2) requirement that the:
- relationship is genuine and/or continuing
- parties have a mutual commitment to a shared life to the exclusion of all others and
- partners are living together (or at least not living apart permanently).
The officer’s assessment must not be based by only comparing how many factors listed in regulation 1.15A(3) are satisfied against how many are not satisfied. Rather, it involves officers:
- considering each individual relationship against all factors listed in regulation 1.15A(3) and
- taking into account any other relevant information provided by the applicant (or information otherwise available to officers), assessing whether or not, on balance, the requirements of s5F(2) are met and that a spouse relationship exists.
1) Financial aspects
For regulation 1.15A(3)(a), the financial aspects of the relationship may be evidenced by:
- joint loan agreements for real estate, cars, major household appliances or any other agreements relating to finances or purchases (for example, property purchased by the parties as tenants in common)
- operation of joint bank accounts – evidence that the accounts have been operated with reasonable frequency and for a reasonable period of time would be given more weight than just opening such accounts
- pooling of financial resources, especially in relation to major financial commitments
- legally binding financial obligations that one party owes to the other, for example, as guarantor for a loan, existing power of attorney (these can be specified to cover various things, such as financial and medical)
- the basis of sharing day to day household expenses, for example, whether each party is responsible financially for their own expenses only and expenses are not pooled.
- Sharing finances.
2) The nature of the household
For regulation 1.15A(3)(b), the nature of the household may be evidenced by:
- your living arrangements;
- a statement outlining the basis on which responsibility for housework is distributed;
- joint ownership or joint rental of the residence in which you live;
- joint utilities accounts (electricity, gas, telephone);
- joint responsibility for bills for day-to-day living expenses;
- shared responsibility for housework;
- joint responsibility for children; or
- correspondence addressed to both you and your partner at the same address
3) Social context of the relationship
For regulation 1.15A(3)(c), social aspects may be evidenced by:
- evidence that you and your partner are generally accepted as a couple socially (for example, joint invitations, going out together, friends and acquaintances in common);
- the assessment of your friends and acquaintances about the nature of your relationship (see ‘Statutory declarations’ on page 25);
- evidence that you and your partner have declared your relationship to government bodies, commercial/public institutions or authorities;
- statements of parents, family members, relatives, friends and other interested parties. Statements in the form of statutory declarations should be encouraged on the basis that, as a legal document, they carry more weight. (Note: The Department provides a specific form for this purpose – see form 888 in the email)
- joint membership of organisations or groups;
- evidence of joint participation in sporting, cultural or social activities; or
- joint travel.
Note: Providing only statutory declarations from your and your partner’s parents, family members, relatives and other friends is not normally sufficient to evidence your relationship.
If appropriate we will provide a legal submission in line with case laws, for the Department to take into account to what extent, if any, the laws and/or traditions of the applicant’s home country may discourage the parties from openly admitting the existence of the relationship.
4) The nature of your commitment to each other
For regulation 1.15A(3)(d), officers should regard the nature of the partners commitment as requiring an assessment of the mutuality of their commitment to each other, having regard to (but not limited to) the four factors listed, namely:
- the duration of the relationship
- the length of time the parties have lived together
- the degree of companionship and emotional support that the parties draw from each other
- whether the parties see the relationship as for the long term.
- correspondence and itemised phone accounts to show that contact was maintained during any period of separation.
The nature (mutuality) of the relationship may be assessed having regard to, for example:
- the partners’ knowledge of each other’s personal circumstances (this could include background and family situation and could be established at interview) and/or
- evidence of intentions that the relationship be long term (for example, by the extent to which the partners have combined their affairs, and the extent to which they have provided for each other, such as being beneficiary to each other’s will and/or superannuation).
If parties who are (or until recently, were) living separately claim that their separation is (or was) not permanent, we will need to provide legal submissions in line with case law with reasons for the (temporary) separation – Act-defined terms – s5F – Spouse.
The length of the relationship
For regulation 1.15A(3)(d)(i), the duration of the relationship is simply one factor in assessing the mutuality of the parties’ commitment to each other. That mutuality of commitment is, in turn, simply one factor in assessing whether the relationship overall meets s5F(2) requirements to be in a spouse relationship.
There is no specific length of time prescribed in this factor. Although the length of time the parties have been married should be taken into account when assessing the mutuality of the relationship, all other factors under 1.15A(3)(d) must also be satisfied.
How to prove your relationship
Your relationship must be permanent and genuine, rather than you living together permanently. The sorts of things that could be used as evidence are:
- photographs of you and your partner together – in different locations, and different seasons
(Please include a brief description of where and when the photos were taken and who is in them. You should give a few samples taken at different times covering the period since the grant of your temporary visa. Please do not provide a large number of photographs of the same event.) - letters or emails – to and from each other and from other people referring to your partner or your relationship
- travel documents – showing you were in the same place at the same time
- legal documents showing joint finances and commitment – for example, lease, mortgage, property title, Will, power of attorney, joint bank account, utility bills in joint names
- envelopes with both names at the same address and dated postmarks
- at least four statutory declarations from other people who can confirm the nature of your relationship.
Australians getting married overseas
Marriage Overseas – General Requirements – Disclaimer Important
The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade cannot advise on the specific requirements which may need to be met in order for a marriage to be legal in a particular country. However, as a general guide only, the following information may be of assistance.
Certificates of No Impediment to Marriage
Certificates of No Impediment to Marriage are issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade through overseas missions and state and territory offices to Australian citizens seeking to marry overseas. Certificates of No Impediment to Marriage are not a requirement of Australian law. They are issued purely at the request of overseas countries seeking to ensure that a marriage involving one or two Australian citizens, celebrated in that overseas country, will also be recognised as a valid marriage by Australian authorities.
- Application form for Certificates of No Impediment to Marriage for use in Poland, Portugal and Turkey (pdf)
- Application form for all other countries (pdf)
The forms are also available from any state or territory office of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Some countries will only accept Certificates of No Impediment issued by the local Australian Embassy or Consulate in the country in which the marriage is to take place. However, if authorities of the country in which the marriage is to take place have advised that they will accept a Certificate of No Impediment issued in Australia, you should complete the applicable application form for a Certificate of No Impediment to Marriage and return it to your state or territory office of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The Consular Fee for a Certificate of No Impediment to Marriage is $90.
Please ensure that you bring your passport when presenting the Certificate of No Impediment to be witnessed by us. We may need to sight documentary evidence of your date of birth, nationality and Australian residency.
In addition to the Certificate of No Impediment to Marriage, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade can provide general advice on the requirements which may need to be met in order for a marriage to be legal in a particular country. For exact details of what requirements will need to be met, persons wishing to marry overseas should contact the embassy or consulate of the country in which they would like to marry. The following general information may be of assistance.
Overseas marriage authorities often require evidence that the party is free to marry. Such evidence may be a statement from the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages that there is no record of the person having been previously married. Authorities may also require divorce papers/death certificate of a former spouse in the case of being divorced or widowed. Overseas marriage authorities generally will also want to sight an original birth certificate and the person’s passport. Foreign marriage authorities may have further additional requirements e.g. a requirement to reside for a length of time in a country prior to a marriage taking place in that country.
Recognition of Overseas Marriages
The Attorney-General’s Department has responsibility for developing policy about issues relating to family law and marriage, including who can get married, who can perform marriage ceremonies and the validity of overseas marriages. The rules governing whether or not a marriage is valid under Australian law are to be found in the Commonwealth Marriage Act 1961.
There are currently no Australian diplomatic or consular officers appointed to solemnise marriages overseas under Australian law.
Marriages entered into overseas are generally recognised as valid in Australia
- if the marriage was recognised as valid under the law of the country in which it was entered into, at the time when it was entered into, and
- providing the marriage would have been recognised as being legal under Australian law if the marriage had taken place in Australia.
There is no requirement to register a marriage in Australia which takes place overseas. The foreign marriage certificate is prima facie evidence in Australia of the occurrence and validity of the marriage.
Marriage to an Australian citizen does not automatically guarantee entry of a citizen of another country to Australia. The Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) can advise on immigration to Australia.
You should consult a legal practitioner if you need advice on whether a marriage which has taken place overseas is recognised as being legal in Australia.
The basic rule of recognising foreign marriages is subject to a number of exceptions including:
- where one of the parties was already married to someone else;
- where one of the parties was under marriageable age (i.e. under 18 years of age) and either of the parties was domiciled in Australia at the time of the wedding under Australian law, exceptions to the requirement that both parties be 18 or older can only be authorised by a judge of magistrate, and then only in respect of a marriage between a person aged 16 or 17 and a particular person aged 18 or over. An Australian court order only has effect in Australia for the purposes of the recognition of the marriage in Australia;
- where the parties are too closely related under Australian law (including relationships traced through adoption) i.e. either as ancestor and descendant, or as brother and sister (including half-brother and half-sister);
- where parties to the marriage are both of the same sex;
- where the consent of one of the parties was not a real consent due to duress or fraud, mistake, or mental incapacity;
- where a persons overseas divorce is not recognised in Australia.
(Parties should consult a solicitor if unsure as to whether their marriage will be recognised in Australia, including if there is doubt about an overseas divorce being recognised by Australian authorities.)
Information was obtained from www.smartraveller.gov.au
Proxy marriages for partner spouse visa applications to Australia Immigration
Given the extended duration for COVID travel restrictions into and out of Australia many have asked if proxy marriages are accepted for partner/ spouse visa applicants to immigrate to Australia.
Dinesh Weerakkody [a legal practitioner with 15 years’ experience] has researched into this possibility, below is his research outcome.
What are Proxy marriages?
These are also known as 'online weddings' via web ceremony marriages. Couples can be married by web conferencing and may not need to be resident of that country [depending on the law of that country].
Please be aware that the production of a marriage certificate on its own is not sufficient evidence for grant of a partner/spouse visa to Australia. The applicants must still provide evidence to support the 'four pillars' of a genuine relationship.
There are jurisdictions we can use to solemnize [that is, where the marriage celebrant authorised the marriage permits consent to be given by proxy ] genuine relationships to obtain a marriage certificate for Australian visa purposes.
For advice book an appointment under category 4.
Is Proxy marriages legal in Australia?
Generally, Australian migration law (namely, s12 of the Migration Act) mirrors the Marriage Act 1961 (the Marriage Act) in determining the 'validity' (recognition) or not of marriages, whether solemnized (that is, the ceremony performed) in or outside Australia.
Australian law requires that consent be given by both parties in person. In some countries, however, marriage by proxy is permitted. [proxy marriages done in other countries may be accepted in Australia, please see further below].
There are certain types of marriages which may be recognised in the countries where they were solemnized, are not recognised as valid for the purposes of Australian migration law, regardless of whether or not they are (or will be) recognised under the Australian Marriage Act. This is because s12 of the Migration Act specifically excludes s88E of the Marriage Act.
For the purposes of the Migration Act in Australia, a married relationship is described in s5F (2).
Australian law requires that consent be given by both parties in person. In some countries, however, marriage by proxy is permitted.
For proxy marriages to be accepted in Australia, Australian immigration need to satisfy themselves that:
- the law of the country where the marriage was solemnized (that is, where the marriage celebrant authorised the marriage) permits consent to be given by proxy and
- the marriage was solemnized in accordance with that law and
- both parties gave ‘real consent’ to the marriage.
If all of the above requirements are met, the marriage may be recognised for the purpose of s5F(2)(a). However, although the marriage itself may be recognised, the couple must still satisfy s5F(2)(b), (c) and (d) in order to satisfy all the requirements of s5F. That is, for the couple to satisfy the definition of spouse (s5F(1)), Australian immigration must be satisfied that, as well as being married
- the couple have a mutual commitment to a shared life as husband and wife to the exclusion of all others and
- the relationship is genuine and continuing and
- the couple live together, or do not live separately and apart on a permanent basis.
For assessment and advice book an appointment under category 4.